Global Mafura Butter Market Report Market Size, Share, Price, Trends and Forecast is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Mafura Butter industry.

The report also covers segment data, including: type segment, industry segment, channel segment etc. cover different segment market size, both volume and value. The compilation also covers information about clients from different industries, which is very important for the manufacturers.

There are 4 key segments covered in this Mafura Butter market report: competitor segment, product type segment, end use/application segment, and geography segment.

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Quantifiable data:-

Geographically, this report studies the top producers and consumers, focuses on product capacity, production, value, consumption, market share and growth opportunity in these key regions, covering North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India Companies

The information for each competitor includes:

* Company Profile

* Main Business Information

* SWOT Analysis

* Sales, Revenue, Price, and Gross Margin

* Market Share

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key players and product offerings

MRR.BIZ has been compiled in-depth market research data in the report after exhaustive primary and secondary research. Our team of able, experienced in-house analysts has collated the information through personal interviews and study of industry databases, journals, and reputable paid sources.

The report provides the following information:

Tailwinds and headwinds molding the markets trajectory Market segments based on products, technology, and applications Prospects of each segment Overall current and possible future size of the market

The main aim of the report is to:

MRR.BIZ is a leading provider of strategic market research. Our vast repository consists research reports, data books, company profiles, and regional market data sheets. We regularly update the data and analysis of a wide-ranging products and services around the world. As readers, you will have access to the latest information on almost 300 industries and their sub-segments. Both large Fortune 500 companies and SMEs have found those useful. This is because we customize our offerings keeping in mind the specific requirements of our clients.

Important key questions answered in Mafura Butter market report:

What will the market growth rate, overview, and analysis by type of global Mafura Butter in 2029?

What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the drivers, challenges, and business risks in Mafura Butter market?

What is dynamics, this overview includes analysis of scope and price analysis of top manufacturers profiles?

What are the opportunities, risks, and the driving forces behind of Mafura Butter market? What are the major upstream raw materials sourcing and downstream buyers?

What is the business overview by type, applications, gross margin, and market shares?

What are the opportunities and threats faced by manufacturers in the global Mafura Butter market?

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Polyaspartic Coatings Market Insights on Revenue Analysis and Competitive Intelligence Study By 2026 : Key Players are Covestro AG; The...

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Polyaspartic Coatings Market Insights on Revenue Analysis and Competitive Intelligence Study By 2026 : Key Players are Covestro AG; The… | January 24th, 2020

TheFabric Refresher Markethas grown exponentially in the last few years and this trend is projected to continue following the same trend until 2026. Based on the industrial chain, Fabric Refresher Market report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Fabric Refresher market in details. Deep analysis about market status (2014-2020), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2020-2026), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included.

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From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Fabric Refresher market.

Geographically,the global Fabric Refresher market is segmented into North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East & Africa and South America. This report forecasts revenue growth at a global, regional & country level, and provides an analysis of the market trends in each of the sub-segments from 2020 to 2026.

The information for each competitor includes:* Company Profile* Main Business Information* SWOT Analysis* Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin* Market Share

Global Fabric Refresher Industry 2020 Market Research Report is spread across 114pages and provides exclusive vital statistics, data, information, trends and competitive landscape details in this niche sector.

The report also includesa discussion of the key vendors operating in this market. Some of the leading players in the global Fabric Refresher market are:

Whirlpool, P&G (Febreze), Astonish, Kao, Duskin, SC Johnson (Deb Group), PDQ Manufacturing, Hunan Taitang Nano Science & Technology,

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Segment by Type:

CanBottle

Segment by Application

HomeBusiness OfficesRestaurants

This report focuses on Fabric Refresher volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents overall Fabric Refresher market size by analyzing historical data and future prospect. Regionally, this report focuses on several key regions: North America, Europe, China and Japan. At company level, this report focuses on the production capacity, ex-factory price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer covered in this report.

The report is useful in providing answers to several critical questions that are important for the industry stakeholders such as manufacturers and partners, end users, etc., besides allowing them in strategizing investments and capitalizing on market opportunities.

Key Target Audience are: Manufacturers of Fabric Refresher Raw material suppliers Market research and consulting firms Government bodies such as regulating authorities and policy makers Organizations, forums and alliances related to Fabric Refresher

Major Points from Table of Contents1 Report Overview1.1 Study Scope1.2 Key Market Segments1.3 Players Covered1.4 Market Analysis by Type1.4.1 Global Fabric Refresher Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2014-2026)1.5 Market by Application1.5.1 Global Fabric Refresher Market Share by Application (2014-2026)1.5.2 Large Enterprises1.5.3 SMEs1.6 Study Objectives1.7 Years Considered

2 Global Growth Trends2.1 Fabric Refresher Market Size2.2 Fabric Refresher Growth Trends by Regions2.2.1 Fabric Refresher Market Size by Regions (2014-2026)2.2.2 Fabric Refresher Market Share by Regions (2014-2020)2.3 Industry Trends2.3.1 Market Top Trends2.3.2 Market Drivers2.3.3 Market Opportunities

3 Market Share by Key Players3.1 Fabric Refresher Market Size by Manufacturers3.1.1 Global Fabric Refresher Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2020)3.1.2 Global Fabric Refresher Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2014-2020)3.1.3 Global Fabric Refresher Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)3.2 Fabric Refresher Key Players Head office and Area Served3.3 Key Players Fabric Refresher Product/Solution/Service3.4 Date of Enter into Fabric Refresher Market3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application4.1 Global Fabric Refresher Market Size by Type (2014-2020)4.2 Global Fabric Refresher Market Size by Application (2014-2020)

5 United States5.1 United States Fabric Refresher Market Size (2014-2020)5.2 Fabric Refresher Key Players in United States5.3 United States Fabric Refresher Market Size by Type5.4 United States Fabric Refresher Market Size by Application

6 Europe6.1 Europe Fabric Refresher Market Size (2014-2020)6.2 Fabric Refresher Key Players in Europe6.3 Europe Fabric Refresher Market Size by Type6.4 Europe Fabric Refresher Market Size by Application

7 China7.1 China Fabric Refresher Market Size (2014-2020)7.2 Fabric Refresher Key Players in China7.3 China Fabric Refresher Market Size by Type7.4 China Fabric Refresher Market Size by Application

8 Japan

8.1 Japan Fabric Refresher Market Size (2014-2020)8.2 Fabric Refresher Key Players in Japan8.3 Japan Fabric Refresher Market Size by Type8.4 Japan Fabric Refresher Market Size by Application

9 Southeast Asia9.1 Southeast Asia Fabric Refresher Market Size (2014-2020)9.2 Fabric Refresher Key Players in Southeast Asia9.3 Southeast Asia Fabric Refresher Market Size by Type9.4 Southeast Asia Fabric Refresher Market Size by Application

Continued

The projections featured in the report have been derived using proven research methodologies and assumptions. By doing so, the research report serves as a repository of analysis and information for every facet of the market, including but not limited to: regional markets, product, and application.

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Orian Researchis one of the most comprehensive collections of market intelligence reports on the World Wide Web. Our reports repository boasts of over 500000+ industry and country research reports from over 100 top publishers. We continuously update our repository so as to provide our clients easy access to the worlds most complete and current database of expert insights on global industries, companies, and products. We also specialize in custom research in situations where our syndicate research offerings do not meet the specific requirements of our esteemed clients.

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Fabric Refresher Market 2020 Demand Analysis, Production, Revenue and Industry Share of Manufacturer - Fusion Science Academy

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Fabric Refresher Market 2020 Demand Analysis, Production, Revenue and Industry Share of Manufacturer – Fusion Science Academy | January 24th, 2020

EL PASO, Texas -- Biomedical research scientists from Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso and The University of Texas at El Paso are partnering up to send "artificial mini-hearts" to the International Space Station to better understand how microgravity affects the function of the human heart.

The three-year project, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the space station's U.S. National Laboratory, brings together TTUHSC El Paso faculty scientist Munmun Chattopadhyay, Ph.D., and UTEP biomedical engineer Binata Joddar, Ph.D. The researchers will collaborate in their Earth-bound labs to create tiny (less than 1 millimeter thick) heart-tissue structures, known as cardiac organoids, using human stem cells and 3D bioprinting technology.

By exposing the organoids to the near-weightless environment of the orbiting space station, the researchers hope to gain a better understanding of a health condition known as cardiac atrophy, which is a reduction and weakening of heart tissue. Cardiac atrophy often affects astronauts who spend long periods of time in microgravity. A weakened heart muscle has difficulty pumping blood to the body, and can lead to problems such as fainting, irregular heartbeat, heart valve problems and even heart failure. Cardiac atrophy is also associated with chronic disease.

The first year of the project, which began in September, will focus on research design. During this phase, Dr. Joddar will use 3D printing to fabricate the cardiac organoids by coupling cardiac cells in physiological ratios to mimic heart tissue. The second year will be centered on preparing the organoid payload for a rocket launch and mission in space. The third and final year of the research will involve analyzing data from the experiment after the organoids are returned to Earth.

The project will also provide an educational opportunity for the El Paso community, with a workshop for K-12 students to learn about tissue engineering projects on the space station. It will also include a seminar for medical students, interns and residents about the benefits and challenges of transitioning research from Earth-based laboratories into space.

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El Paso scientists team up for project that will be sent to the International Space Station - KVIA El Paso

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on El Paso scientists team up for project that will be sent to the International Space Station – KVIA El Paso | January 23rd, 2020

Ncardia and BlueRock Therapeutics today announced an agreement covering process development technologies for the manufacture of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes. Under the terms of the agreement, Bluerock gains access to Ncardias large-scale production processes and intellectual property for the production of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes for therapeutic use.

This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200121005200/en/

"BlueRock is a leader in the field of cell therapy and our collaboration is a perfect match of mission and capabilities. This relationship allows us to utilize our experience in iPSC process development to help advance potential cell therapies for cardiac diseases," said Stefan Braam, CEO of Ncardia.

"There are hundreds of millions of people worldwide that suffer from degenerative cardiovascular disease where the root cause is the loss of healthy heart muscle cells, and where medical treatment options are limited. BlueRocks authentic cellular therapy is a novel approach that has the potential to transform the lives of patients, but will require the manufacture of our cell therapies at unprecedented scale. The Ncardia team has developed key technologies related to this scale-up challenge, and we are pleased to work with them as we advance BlueRocks novel CELL+GENE platform towards the clinic and those patients in need," said Emile Nuwaysir, President and CEO, BlueRock Therapeutics.

About BlueRock Therapeutics

BlueRock Therapeutics, a wholly owned and independently operated subsidiary of Bayer AG, is a leading engineered cell therapy company with a mission to develop regenerative medicines for intractable diseases. BlueRock Therapeutics CELL+GENE platform harnesses the power of cells for new medicines across neurology, cardiology and immunology indications. BlueRock Therapeutics cell differentiation technology recapitulates the cells developmental biology to produce authentic cell therapies, which are further engineered for additional function. Utilizing these cell therapies to replace damaged or degenerated tissue brings the potential to restore or regenerate lost function. BlueRocks culture is defined by scientific innovation, highest ethical standards and an urgency to bring transformative treatments to all who would benefit. For more information, visit http://www.bluerocktx.com.

About Ncardia

Ncardia believes that stem cell technology can deliver better therapies to patients faster. We bring cell manufacturing and process development expertise to cell therapy by designing and delivering human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) solutions to specification. Our offerings extend from concept development to pre-clinical studies, including custom manufacturing of a range of cell types, as well as discovery services such as disease modelling, screening, and safety assays. For more information, visit http://www.ncardia.com.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200121005200/en/

Contacts

BlueRock:media@bluerocktx.com

Ncardia:Steven Dublinmedia@ncardia.com

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Ncardia and BlueRock Therapeutics Announce Collaboration Agreement and Licensing of Process Development Technologies for the Manufacture of...

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Ncardia and BlueRock Therapeutics Announce Collaboration Agreement and Licensing of Process Development Technologies for the Manufacture of… | January 22nd, 2020

Theres a team of scientists who basically discovered live robots. You read that right. They found a new purpose for living cells, which they took from frog embryos, and they constructed new life forms. These life forms were named Xenobots, and they can move in small places and carry stuff, too. They also want to try to see if they are useful in medicine.

Apparently, they can heal themselves after theyre cut, which gives them a longer life span. They are not a species of animals, and they are not robots in a real way. As Joshua Bongard states, Its a new class of artifact: a living, programmable organism. He is a computer scientist at the University of Vermont.

A supercomputer developed these live robots at UVM. The idea behind this creation is not a new one. But it is the first time they actually improved it from scratch. The team was led by doctoral student Sam Kriegman, who used an evolutionary algorithm to develop thousands of designs for these new life forms.

They gave the program the basic rules about biophysics about the frog skin and the cardiac cells. They tested about a hundred algorithms to find the best design. Then, the team worked with microsurgeons to transfer the silicon designs into life. They took the stem cells from Xenopus lavevis, an African frog. Then the embryos were assembled in body forms, so the cells began to work.

Almost everything we see today is made out of steel, silicon, or plastic. While its true that the material is durable, it also creates human health problems. Bongard stated that the living tissues degrade quickly. Also, these living robots made with frog cells could help us live a healthier life. More research will be conducted.

Tanya is an expert in reddit and health subjects. She finds good stories where no one ever thinks to look.

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The Living Robots Made With Frog Cells Could Boost Our Health - Dual Dove

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on The Living Robots Made With Frog Cells Could Boost Our Health – Dual Dove | January 22nd, 2020

US Stem Cell (OTCMKTS:USRM) and National Research (NASDAQ:NRC) are both small-cap medical companies, but which is the superior investment? We will compare the two companies based on the strength of their earnings, risk, valuation, dividends, profitability, analyst recommendations and institutional ownership.

Institutional & Insider Ownership

39.7% of National Research shares are owned by institutional investors. 16.7% of US Stem Cell shares are owned by insiders. Comparatively, 4.5% of National Research shares are owned by insiders. Strong institutional ownership is an indication that hedge funds, endowments and large money managers believe a stock will outperform the market over the long term.

Analyst Recommendations

This is a breakdown of current ratings and price targets for US Stem Cell and National Research, as provided by MarketBeat.com.

Volatility & Risk

US Stem Cell has a beta of 4.87, meaning that its stock price is 387% more volatile than the S&P 500. Comparatively, National Research has a beta of 0.78, meaning that its stock price is 22% less volatile than the S&P 500.

Valuation and Earnings

This table compares US Stem Cell and National Researchs gross revenue, earnings per share (EPS) and valuation.

National Research has higher revenue and earnings than US Stem Cell.

Profitability

This table compares US Stem Cell and National Researchs net margins, return on equity and return on assets.

Summary

National Research beats US Stem Cell on 7 of the 9 factors compared between the two stocks.

US Stem Cell Company Profile

U.S. Stem Cell, Inc., a biotechnology company, focuses on the discovery, development, and commercialization of autologous cellular therapies for the treatment of chronic and acute heart damage, and vascular and autoimmune diseases in the United States and internationally. Its lead product candidates include MyoCell, a clinical therapy designed to populate regions of scar tissue within a patient's heart with autologous muscle cells or cells from a patient's body for enhancing cardiac function in chronic heart failure patients; and AdipoCell, a patient-derived cell therapy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, chronic heart ischemia, and lower limb ischemia. The company's product development pipeline includes MyoCell SDF-1, an autologous muscle-derived cellular therapy for improving cardiac function in chronic heart failure patients. It is also developing MyoCath, a deflecting tip needle injection catheter that is used to inject cells into cardiac tissue in therapeutic procedures to treat chronic heart ischemia and congestive heart failure. In addition, the company provides physician and patient based regenerative medicine/cell therapy training, cell collection, and cell storage services; and cell collection and treatment kits for humans and animals, as well operates a cell therapy clinic. The company was formerly known as Bioheart, Inc. and changed its name to U.S. Stem Cell, Inc. in October 2015. U.S. Stem Cell, Inc. was founded in 1999 and is headquartered in Sunrise, Florida.

National Research Company Profile

National Research Corporation (NRC) is a provider of analytics and insights that facilitate revenue growth, patient, employee and customer retention and patient engagement for healthcare providers, payers and other healthcare organizations. The Companys portfolio of subscription-based solutions provides information and analysis to healthcare organizations and payers across a range of mission-critical, constituent-related elements, including patient experience and satisfaction, community population health risks, workforce engagement, community perceptions, and physician engagement. The Companys clients range from acute care hospitals and post-acute providers, such as home health, long term care and hospice, to numerous payer organizations. The Company derives its revenue from its annually renewable services, which include performance measurement and improvement services, healthcare analytics and governance education services.

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National Research (NASDAQ:NRC) versus US Stem Cell (NASDAQ:USRM) Head-To-Head Review - Riverton Roll

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on National Research (NASDAQ:NRC) versus US Stem Cell (NASDAQ:USRM) Head-To-Head Review – Riverton Roll | January 22nd, 2020

Transparency Market Research (TMR)has published a new report on the globalcell separation technology marketfor the forecast period of 20192027. According to the report, the global cell separation technology market was valued at ~US$ 5 Bnin 2018, and is projected to expand at a double-digit CAGR during the forecast period.

Overview

Cell separation, also known as cell sorting or cell isolation, is the process of removing cells from biological samples such as tissue or whole blood. Cell separation is a powerful technology that assists biological research. Rising incidences of chronic illnesses across the globe are likely to boost the development of regenerative medicines or tissue engineering, which further boosts the adoption of cell separation technologies by researchers.

Expansion of the global cell separation technology market is attributed to an increase in technological advancements and surge in investments in research & development, such asstem cellresearch and cancer research. The rising geriatric population is another factor boosting the need for cell separation technologies Moreover, the geriatric population, globally, is more prone to long-term neurological and other chronic illnesses, which, in turn, is driving research to develop treatment for chronic illnesses. Furthermore, increase in the awareness about innovative technologies, such as microfluidics, fluorescent-activated cells sorting, and magnetic activated cells sorting is expected to propel the global cell separation technology market.

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North America dominated the global cell separation technology market in 2018, and the trend is anticipated to continue during the forecast period. This is attributed to technological advancements in offering cell separation solutions, presence of key players, and increased initiatives by governments for advancing the cell separation process. However, insufficient funding for the development of cell separation technologies is likely to hamper the global cell separation technology market during the forecast period. Asia Pacific is expected to be a highly lucrative market for cell separation technology during the forecast period, owing to improving healthcare infrastructure along with rising investments in research & development in the region.

Rising Incidences of Chronic Diseases, Worldwide, Boosting the Demand for Cell Therapy

Incidences of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, arthritis, cardiac diseases, and cancer are increasing due to sedentary lifestyles, aging population, and increased alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2020, the mortality rate from chronic diseases is expected to reach73%, and in developing counties,70%deaths are estimated to be caused by chronic diseases. Southeast Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, and Africa are expected to be greatly affected by chronic diseases. Thus, the increasing burden of chronic diseases around the world is fuelling the demand for cellular therapies to treat chronic diseases. This, in turn, is driving focus and investments on research to develop effective treatments. Thus, increase in cellular research activities is boosting the global cell separation technology market.

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Increase in Geriatric Population Boosting the Demand for Surgeries

The geriatric population is likely to suffer from chronic diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders more than the younger population. Moreover, the geriatric population is increasing at a rapid pace as compared to that of the younger population. Increase in the geriatric population aged above 65 years is projected to drive the incidences of Alzheimers, dementia, cancer, and immune diseases, which, in turn, is anticipated to boost the need for corrective treatment of these disorders. This is estimated to further drive the demand for clinical trials and research that require cell separation products. These factors are likely to boost the global cell separation technology market.

According to the United Nations, the geriatric population aged above 60 is expected to double by 2050 and triple by 2100, an increase from962 millionin 2017 to2.1 billionin 2050 and3.1 billionby 2100.

Productive Partnerships in Microfluidics Likely to Boost the Cell Separation Technology Market

Technological advancements are prompting companies to innovate in microfluidics cell separation technology. Strategic partnerships and collaborations is an ongoing trend, which is boosting the innovation and development of microfluidics-based products. Governments and stakeholders look upon the potential in single cell separation technology and its analysis, which drives them to invest in the development ofmicrofluidics. Companies are striving to build a platform by utilizing their expertise and experience to further offer enhanced solutions to end users.

Stem Cell Research to Account for a Prominent Share

Stem cell is a prominent cell therapy utilized in the development of regenerative medicine, which is employed in the replacement of tissues or organs, rather than treating them. Thus, stem cell accounted for a prominent share of the global market. The geriatric population is likely to increase at a rapid pace as compared to the adult population, by 2030, which is likely to attract the use of stem cell therapy for treatment. Stem cells require considerably higher number of clinical trials, which is likely to drive the demand for cell separation technology, globally. Rising stem cell research is likely to attract government and private funding, which, in turn, is estimated to offer significant opportunity for stem cell therapies.

Biotechnology & Pharmaceuticals Companies to Dominate the Market

The number of biotechnology companies operating across the globe is rising, especially in developing countries. Pharmaceutical companies are likely to use cells separation techniques to develop drugs and continue contributing through innovation. Growing research in stem cell has prompted companies to own large separate units to boost the same. Thus, advancements in developing drugs and treatments, such as CAR-T through cell separation technologies, are likely to drive the segment.

As per research, 449 public biotech companies operate in the U.S., which is expected to boost the biotechnology & pharmaceutical companies segment. In developing countries such as China, China Food and Drug Administration(CFDA) reforms pave the way for innovation to further boost biotechnology & pharmaceutical companies in the country.

Global Cell Separation Technology Market: Prominent Regions

North America to Dominate Global Market, While Asia Pacific to Offer Significant Opportunity

In terms of region, the global cell separation technology market has been segmented into five major regions: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa. North America dominated the global market in 2018, followed by Europe. North America accounted for a major share of the global cell separation technology market in 2018, owing to the development of cell separation advanced technologies, well-defined regulatory framework, and initiatives by governments in the region to further encourage the research industry. The U.S. is a major investor in stem cell research, which accelerates the development of regenerative medicines for the treatment of various long-term illnesses.

The cell separation technology market in Asia Pacific is projected to expand at a high CAGR from 2019 to 2027. This can be attributed to an increase in healthcare expenditure and large patient population, especially in countries such as India and China. Rising medical tourism in the region and technological advancements are likely to drive the cell separation technology market in the region.

Launching Innovative Products, and Acquisitions & Collaborations by Key Players Driving Global Cell Separation Technology Market

The global cell separation technology market is highly competitive in terms of number of players. Key players operating in the global cell separation technology market include Akadeum Life Sciences, STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., BD, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Miltenyi Biotech, 10X Genomics, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Zeiss, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, PerkinElmer, Inc., and QIAGEN.

These players have adopted various strategies such as expanding their product portfolios by launching new cell separation kits and devices, and participation in acquisitions, establishing strong distribution networks. Companies are expanding their geographic presence in order sustain in the global cell separation technology market. For instance, in May 2019, Akadeum Life Sciences launched seven new microbubble-based products at a conference. In July 2017, BD received the U.S. FDAs clearance for its BD FACS Lyric flow cytometer system, which is used in the diagnosis of immunological disorders.

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Cell Separation Technology Market to Receive Overwhelming Hike in Revenues by 2027 Dagoretti News - Dagoretti News

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Cell Separation Technology Market to Receive Overwhelming Hike in Revenues by 2027 Dagoretti News – Dagoretti News | January 20th, 2020

Global Exosome Therapeutic Marketreport identifies and analyses the emerging trends along with major drivers, challenges and opportunities in industry with analysis on Market trends, share, growth,demand, top vendors, Geographical Regions, types, applications. Exosome Therapeutic industry report gives a comprehensive account of the Global Exosome Therapeutic market. Details such as the size, key players, segmentation, SWOT analysis, most influential trends, and business environment of the market are mentioned in this report.

Exosome Therapeutic Marketis expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026. Data Bridge Market Research analyses that the market is growing with a CAGR of 21.9% in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026 and expected to reach USD 31,691.52 million by 2026 from USD 6,500.00 million in 2018. Increasing prevalence of lyme disease, chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other chronic degenerative diseases are the factors for the market growth.

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Synopsis of Global Exosome Therapeutic Market:-Exosomes is used to transfer RNA, DNA, and proteins to other cells in the body by making alteration in the function of the target cells. Increasing research activities in exosome therapeutic is augmenting the market growth as demand for exosome therapeutic has increased among healthcare professionals.

Increased number of exosome therapeutics as compared to the past few years will accelerate the market growth. Companies are receiving funding for exosome therapeutic research and clinical trials. For instance, In September 2018, EXOCOBIO has raised USD 27 million in its series B funding. The company has raised USD 46 million as series a funding in April 2017. The series B funding will help the company to set up GMP-compliant exosome industrial facilities to enhance production of exosomes to commercialize in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.

Some Of The Major Competitors Currently Working In Global Exosome Therapeutic Market Are:Bayer AG, Iso-Tex Diagnostics, Inc., Bracco Diagnostic Inc., Novalek Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., iMAX, Taejoon Pharm, Unijules Medicals Ltd, General Electric, Guerbet LLC, J.B.Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd among others players domestic and global. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

For More Information or Query or Customization Before Buying, Visit @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/inquire-before-buying/?dbm

North America Dominates The Exosome Therapeutic Market as the U.S. Is leaderin exosome therapeutic manufacturing as well as research activities required for exosome therapeutics. At present time Stem Cells Group holding shares around 60.00%. In addition global exosomes therapeutics manufacturers like EXOCOBIO, evox THERAPEUTICS and others are intensifying their efforts in China. The Europe region is expected to grow with the highest growth rate in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026 because of increasing research activities in exosome therapeutic by population.

Huge Investment by Automakers for Exosome Therapeutics and New Technology Penetration

Global exosome therapeutic market also provides you with detailed market analysis for every country growth in pharma industry with exosome therapeutic sales, impact of technological development in exosome therapeutic and changes in regulatory scenarios with their support for the exosome therapeutic market. The data is available for historic period 2010 to 2017.

Browse in-depth TOC on Exosome Therapeutic Market

50 Tables

250 No of Figures

150 Pages

This Exosome Therapeutic Market report contains all aspects that are directly or indirectly related to the multiple areas of the global market. Our experts have carefully collated the global Exosome Therapeutic Market data and estimated the change in the forecast period. This information in the report helps customers make accurate decisions about market activity Exosome Therapeutic Market based on forecasting trends. This report also discusses current or future policy research or regulations that must be initiated by management and market strategies.

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Global Exosome Therapeutic Market Scope and Market Size

Global Exosome Therapeutic Market is segmented of the basis of type, source, therapy, transporting capacity, application, route of administration and end user. The growth among segments helps you analyse niche pockets of growth and strategies to approach the market and determine your core application areas and the difference in your target markets.

Based on type, the market is segmented into natural exosomes and hybrid exosomes. Natural exosomes are dominating in the market because natural exosomes are used in various biological and pathological processes as well as natural exosomes has many advantages such as good biocompatibility and reduced clearance rate compare than hybrid exosomes.

Based on therapy, the market is segmented into immunotherapy, gene therapy and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is dominating in the market because chemotherapy is basically used in treatment of cancer which is major public health issues. The multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins and various tumors associated exosomes such as miRNA and IncRNA are include in in chemotherapy associated resistance.

Based on transporting capacity, the market is segmented into bio macromolecules and small molecules. Bio macromolecules are dominating in the market because bio macromolecules transmit particular biomolecular information and are basically investigated for their delicate properties such as biomarker source and delivery system

Based on application, the market is segmented into oncology, neurology, metabolic disorders, cardiac disorders, blood disorders, inflammatory disorders, gynecology disorders, organ transplantation and others. Oncology segment is dominating in the market due to rising incidence of various cancers such as lung cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, skin cancer, lymphoma. As per the National Cancer Institute, in 2018 around 1,735,350 new cases of cancer was diagnosed in the U.S. As per the American Cancer Society Inc in 2019 approximately 268,600 new cases of breast cancer diagnosed in the U.S.To be continued..Detailed Segmentation ofExosome Therapeutic Market

The Countries Covered In The Exosome Therapeutic Market Report Are U.S., Canada and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Rest of Europe in Europe, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Rest of Asia-Pacific in the Asia-Pacific, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa as a part of Middle East and Africa, Brazil and Rest of South America as part of South America.

Along with the elaborated information about the key contenders, the globalExosome Therapeutic Marketreport efficiently provides information by segmenting the market on the basis of the type services and products offerings, form of the product, applications of the final products, technology on which the product is based, and others. The report is also bifurcated the market on the basis of regions to analyze the growth pattern of the market in different geographical areas.

The Exosome Therapeutic Market report includes the leading advancements and technological up-gradation that engages the user to inhabit with fine business selections, define their future-based priority growth plans, and to implement the necessary actions. The global Exosome Therapeutic Market report also offers a detailed summary of key players and their manufacturing procedure with statistical data and profound analysis of the products, contribution, and revenue.

Global Exosome Therapeutic Market Report includes Detailed TOC points:

1 Introduction

2Market Segmentation

3 Market Overview

3.3 Opportunities

4 Executive Summaries

5 Premium Insights

6 Regulatory Procedure

7 Global Exosome Therapeutic Market, By Type

8 Global Exosome Therapeutic Market, by disease type

9 Global Exosome Therapeutic Market, By Deployment

10 Global Exosome Therapeutic Market, By End User

11 Global Exosome Therapeutic Market, By Distribution Channel

12 Global Exosome Therapeutic Market, By Geography

13 Global Exosome Therapeutic Market, Company Landscape

14 Company Profile

Continued!!!

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Exosome Therapeutic Market 2020 Modest Situation among the Top Manufacturers, With Sales, Revenue and Market Share 2026 Dagoretti News - Dagoretti...

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Exosome Therapeutic Market 2020 Modest Situation among the Top Manufacturers, With Sales, Revenue and Market Share 2026 Dagoretti News – Dagoretti… | January 20th, 2020

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Company Description: BioLife Solutions, Inc. (BioLife) is engaged in the developing, manufacturing and marketing a portfolio of biopreservation tools and services for cells, tissues and organs, including clinical grade cell and tissue hypothermic storage and cryopreservation freeze media and a related cloud hosted biologistics cold chain management application for shippers. The Company's product offerings include hypothermic storage and cryopreservation freeze media products for cells, tissues, and organs; generic blood stem cell freezing and cell thawing media products; custom product formulation and custom packaging services; cold chain logistics services incorporating precision thermal packaging products and cloud-hosted Web applications, and contract aseptic manufacturing formulation, fill and finish services of liquid media products. Its products include HypoThermosol FRS, CryoStor, BloodStor, Cell Thawing Media, PrepaStor and biologistex cold-chain management service.

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Validea's Top Five Healthcare Stocks Based On Motley Fool - 1/19/2020 - Nasdaq

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Validea’s Top Five Healthcare Stocks Based On Motley Fool – 1/19/2020 – Nasdaq | January 20th, 2020

US Stem Cell (OTCMKTS:USRM) and National Research (NASDAQ:NRC) are both small-cap medical companies, but which is the better stock? We will compare the two businesses based on the strength of their earnings, dividends, analyst recommendations, valuation, profitability, risk and institutional ownership.

Insider and Institutional Ownership

39.7% of National Research shares are held by institutional investors. 16.7% of US Stem Cell shares are held by company insiders. Comparatively, 4.5% of National Research shares are held by company insiders. Strong institutional ownership is an indication that large money managers, hedge funds and endowments believe a company will outperform the market over the long term.

This table compares US Stem Cell and National Researchs net margins, return on equity and return on assets.

Valuation & Earnings

This table compares US Stem Cell and National Researchs top-line revenue, earnings per share (EPS) and valuation.

National Research has higher revenue and earnings than US Stem Cell.

Risk and Volatility

US Stem Cell has a beta of 4.87, suggesting that its share price is 387% more volatile than the S&P 500. Comparatively, National Research has a beta of 0.78, suggesting that its share price is 22% less volatile than the S&P 500.

Analyst Recommendations

This is a summary of recent ratings and recommmendations for US Stem Cell and National Research, as provided by MarketBeat.

Summary

National Research beats US Stem Cell on 7 of the 9 factors compared between the two stocks.

US Stem Cell Company Profile

U.S. Stem Cell, Inc., a biotechnology company, focuses on the discovery, development, and commercialization of autologous cellular therapies for the treatment of chronic and acute heart damage, and vascular and autoimmune diseases in the United States and internationally. Its lead product candidates include MyoCell, a clinical therapy designed to populate regions of scar tissue within a patient's heart with autologous muscle cells or cells from a patient's body for enhancing cardiac function in chronic heart failure patients; and AdipoCell, a patient-derived cell therapy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, chronic heart ischemia, and lower limb ischemia. The company's product development pipeline includes MyoCell SDF-1, an autologous muscle-derived cellular therapy for improving cardiac function in chronic heart failure patients. It is also developing MyoCath, a deflecting tip needle injection catheter that is used to inject cells into cardiac tissue in therapeutic procedures to treat chronic heart ischemia and congestive heart failure. In addition, the company provides physician and patient based regenerative medicine/cell therapy training, cell collection, and cell storage services; and cell collection and treatment kits for humans and animals, as well operates a cell therapy clinic. The company was formerly known as Bioheart, Inc. and changed its name to U.S. Stem Cell, Inc. in October 2015. U.S. Stem Cell, Inc. was founded in 1999 and is headquartered in Sunrise, Florida.

National Research Company Profile

National Research Corporation (NRC) is a provider of analytics and insights that facilitate revenue growth, patient, employee and customer retention and patient engagement for healthcare providers, payers and other healthcare organizations. The Companys portfolio of subscription-based solutions provides information and analysis to healthcare organizations and payers across a range of mission-critical, constituent-related elements, including patient experience and satisfaction, community population health risks, workforce engagement, community perceptions, and physician engagement. The Companys clients range from acute care hospitals and post-acute providers, such as home health, long term care and hospice, to numerous payer organizations. The Company derives its revenue from its annually renewable services, which include performance measurement and improvement services, healthcare analytics and governance education services.

Receive News & Ratings for US Stem Cell Daily - Enter your email address below to receive a concise daily summary of the latest news and analysts' ratings for US Stem Cell and related companies with MarketBeat.com's FREE daily email newsletter.

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US Stem Cell (OTCMKTS:USRM) and National Research (OTCMKTS:NRC) Head to Head Review - Slater Sentinel

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on US Stem Cell (OTCMKTS:USRM) and National Research (OTCMKTS:NRC) Head to Head Review – Slater Sentinel | January 17th, 2020

Remember Black Mirrors Metalhead episode where a robot dog shoots the protagonist with trackers in the face? The thought of having unwanted foreign intruders attacking us from inside was absolutely nightmarish. We might have something similar now, as scientists strive to innovate to create new and novel micro-robots every day, but, with scientific and sane intentions.

Now, researchers at the University of Vermont and Tufts University have created living robots out of actual healthy frog cells that have the potential to navigate through one's bloodstream and scrape out plaque from arteries. These robots, called xenobots, are essentially a bioengineering product made by harvesting skin, pumping heart cells from frogs, and clumping them with stem cells from its embryo. Whats more? They are fully biodegradable and self-healing!

According to a press release, scientists first used a supercomputer to design the new life-form that can move in a direction. After having created a biological model of the supercomputers vision, they assembled the clusters with the beating cardiac cells on one end acting as a pump to propel the clump forward through the water.

Using this technique, the team created a number of the living robots and watched as they were able to successfully push other objects around. The researchers also experimented with creating a pouch inside the new life-forms, allowing them to carry a payload around. Despite of having a very low motility, these robots can perform task that other machines cant do, like searching out nasty compounds or radioactive contamination, gathering microplastic in the oceans and so on. And while they may not be as strong as metals, theyre regenerative.

The notion of having living organisms inside our body, that can possibly be programmed for malicious intent, is nerve-wracking. With xenobots, scientists wish to resolve this fear and work on tackling the unintended consequences. A paper detailing the research was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Cover Credit: Twitter

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Scientists Turn Frog Cells Into Tiny Living Robots That Can Swim Through Your Body! - Mashable India

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Scientists Turn Frog Cells Into Tiny Living Robots That Can Swim Through Your Body! – Mashable India | January 17th, 2020

Scientists from the University of Vermont (UVM) and Tufts University in Massachusetts said on January 13, 2020, that theyve now assembled living cells into entirely new life-forms. They call them living robots, or xenobots for the frog species from whose cells the little robots sprang. The scientists describe them as tiny blobs, submillimeter in size (a millimeter is about 1/25th of an inch, so these little blobs are smaller than that). The blobs contain between 500 and 1,000 cells. They can heal themselves after being cut. The blobs have been able to scoot across a petri dish, self-organize, and even transport minute payloads. Maybe, eventually, theyll be able to carry a medicine to a specific place inside a human body, scrape plaque from arteries, search out radioactive contamination, or gather plastic pollution in Earths oceans.

And, yes, the scientists do acknowledge possible ethical issues. More about that below.

Joshua Bongard, a computer scientist and robotics expert at the University of Vermont who co-led the new research, said in a statement:

These are novel living machines. Theyre neither a traditional robot nor a known species of animal. Its a new class of artifact: a living, programmable organism

You look at the cells weve been building our xenobots with, and, genomically, theyre frogs. Its 100% frog DNA but these are not frogs. Then you ask, well, what else are these cells capable of building?

The results of the new research were published January 13 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

EarthSky 2020 lunar calendars are available! Only a few left. Order now!

A manufactured quadruped (4-footed) organism, 650-750 microns in diameter (a micron is a millionth of a meter). The scientists described this creature (if we can call it a creature) as a bit smaller than a pinhead. Image via Douglas Blackiston/ Tufts University/ University of Vermont.

In their published paper, these scientists wrote:

Most technologies are made from steel, concrete, chemicals, and plastics, which degrade over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side effects. It would thus be useful to build technologies using self-renewing and biocompatible materials, of which the ideal candidates are living systems themselves. Thus, we here present a method that designs completely biological machines from the ground up: computers automatically design new machines in simulation, and the best designs are then built by combining together different biological tissues. This suggests others may use this approach to design a variety of living machines to safely deliver drugs inside the human body, help with environmental remediation, or further broaden our understanding of the diverse forms and functions life may adopt.

The new creatures were designed on a supercomputer at UVM, and then assembled and tested by biologists at Tufts University. The scientists statement described their process this way:

With months of processing time on the Deep Green supercomputer cluster at UVMs Vermont Advanced Computing Core, the team including lead author and doctoral student Sam Kriegman of UVM [@Kriegmerica on Twitter] used an evolutionary algorithm to create thousands of candidate designs for the new life-forms. Attempting to achieve a task assigned by the scientists like locomotion in one direction the computer would, over and over, reassemble a few hundred simulated cells into myriad forms and body shapes. As the programs ran driven by basic rules about the biophysics of what single frog skin and cardiac cells can do the more successful simulated organisms were kept and refined, while failed designs were tossed out. After a hundred independent runs of the algorithm, the most promising designs were selected for testing.

Then the team at Tufts, led by Michael Levin and with key work by microsurgeon Douglas Blackiston transferred the in-silico designs into life. First they gathered stem cells, harvested from embryos of African frogs, the species Xenopus laevis [African clawed frogs; hence the name xenobots.]

These were separated into single cells and left to incubate. Then, using tiny forceps and an even tinier electrode, the cells were cut and joined under a microscope into a close approximation of the designs specified by the computer.

Assembled into body forms never seen in nature, the cells began to work together. The skin cells formed a more passive architecture, while the once-random contractions of heart muscle cells were put to work creating ordered forward motion as guided by the computers design, and aided by spontaneous self-organizing patterns allowing the robots to move on their own.

These reconfigurable organisms were shown to be able move in a coherent fashion and explore their watery environment for days or weeks, powered by embryonic energy stores. Turned over, however, they failed, like beetles flipped on their backs.

Later tests showed that groups of xenobots would move around in circles, pushing pellets into a central location spontaneously and collectively. Others were built with a hole through the center to reduce drag. In simulated versions of these, the scientists were able to repurpose this hole as a pouch to successfully carry an object.

Wow yes?

The scientists said they see this work as part of a bigger picture. And they acknowledged that some may fear the implications of rapid technological change and complex biological manipulations. Levin commented:

That fear is not unreasonable. When we start to mess around with complex systems that we dont understand, were going to get unintended consequences.

However, he said:

If humanity is going to survive into the future, we need to better understand how complex properties, somehow, emerge from simple rules.

He said much of science is focused on:

controlling the low-level rules. We also need to understand the high-level rules.

I think its an absolute necessity for society going forward to get a better handle on systems where the outcome is very complex. A first step towards doing that is to explore: how do living systems decide what an overall behavior should be and how do we manipulate the pieces to get the behaviors we want?

In other words, he said:

this study is a direct contribution to getting a handle on what people are afraid of, which is unintended consequences.

Bongard added:

Theres all of this innate creativity in life. We want to understand that more deeply and how we can direct and push it toward new forms.

On the left, the anatomical blueprint for a computer-designed organism, discovered on a UVM supercomputer. On the right, the living organism, built entirely from frog skin (green) and heart muscle (red) cells. The background displays traces carved by a swarm of these new-to-nature organisms as they move through a field of particulate matter. Image via Sam Kriegman/ UVM.

Bottom line: Scientists said in early January 2020 that theyve created the first living robots, or xenobots, assembled from the cells of frogs. Their creators promise advances from drug delivery to toxic waste clean-up.

Source: A scalable pipeline for designing reconfigurable organisms

Via UVM

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Team builds the 1st living robots - EarthSky

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Team builds the 1st living robots – EarthSky | January 17th, 2020

UpMarketResearch.com, has added the latest research on Dry Powder Inhaler Market, which offers a concise outline of the market valuation, industry size, SWOT analysis, revenue approximation, and the regional outlook of this business vertical. The report precisely features the key opportunities and challenges faced by contenders of this industry and presents the existing competitive setting and corporate strategies enforced by the Dry Powder Inhaler Market players.

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Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market Report Analysis, Share, Revenue, Growth Rate With Forecast Overview To 2024 - Fusion Science Academy

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market Report Analysis, Share, Revenue, Growth Rate With Forecast Overview To 2024 – Fusion Science Academy | January 17th, 2020

14 January 2020

These millimetre-wide "xenobots" can move toward a target, perhaps pick up a payload (like a medicine that needs to be carried to a specific place inside a patient) and heal themselves after being cut.

"These are novel living machines," says Joshua Bongard, a computer scientist and robotics expert at the University of Vermont who co-led the new research. "They're neither a traditional robot nor a known species of animal. It's a new class of artefact: a living, programmable organism."

The new creatures were designed on a supercomputer at UVM and then assembled and tested by biologists at Tufts University. "We can imagine many useful applications of these living robots that other machines can't do," says co-leader Michael Levin who directs the Centre for Regenerative and Developmental Biology at Tufts, "like searching out nasty compounds or radioactive contamination, gathering microplastic in the oceans, traveling in arteries to scrape out plaque."

The results of the new research were published January 13 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Bespoke living systems

People have been manipulating organisms for human benefit since at least the dawn of agriculture, genetic editing is becoming widespread, and a few artificial organisms have been manually assembled in the past few years copying the body forms of known animals.

But this research, for the first time ever, "designs completely biological machines from the ground up," the team writes in their new study.

With months of processing time on the Deep Green supercomputer cluster at UVM's Vermont Advanced Computing Core, the team including lead author and doctoral student Sam Kriegman used an evolutionary algorithm to create thousands of candidate designs for the new life-forms. Attempting to achieve a task assigned by the scientists like locomotion in one direction the computer would, over and over, reassemble a few hundred simulated cells into myriad forms and body shapes. As the programs ran driven by basic rules about the biophysics of what single frog skin and cardiac cells can do the more successful simulated organisms were kept and refined, while failed designs were tossed out. After a hundred independent runs of the algorithm, the most promising designs were selected for testing.

Then the team at Tufts, led by Levin and with key work by microsurgeon Douglas Blackiston, transferred the in-silico designs into life. First, they gathered stem cells, harvested from the embryos of African frogs, the species Xenopus laevis. (Hence the name "xenobots.") These were separated into single cells and left to incubate. Then, using tiny forceps and an even tinier electrode, the cells were cut and joined under a microscope into a close approximation of the designs specified by the computer.

Assembled into body forms never seen in nature, the cells began to work together. The skin cells formed a more passive architecture, while the once-random contractions of heart muscle cells were put to work creating ordered forward motion as guided by the computer's design and aided by spontaneous self-organising patterns allowing the robots to move on their own.

These reconfigurable organisms were shown to be able move in a coherent fashion and explore their watery environment for days or weeks, powered by embryonic energy stores. Turned over, however, they failed, like beetles flipped on their backs.

Later tests showed that groups of xenobots would move around in circles, pushing pellets into a central location spontaneously and collectively. Others were built with a hole through the centre to reduce drag. In simulated versions of these, the scientists were able to repurpose this hole as a pouch to successfully carry an object. "It's a step toward using computer-designed organisms for intelligent drug delivery," says Bongard, a professor in UVM's Department of Computer Science and Complex Systems Centre.

Living technologies

Many technologies are made of steel, concrete or plastic. That can make them strong or flexible. But they also can create ecological and human health problems, like the growing scourge of plastic pollution in the oceans and the toxicity of many synthetic materials and electronics. "The downside of living tissue is that it's weak and it degrades," says Bongard. "That's why we use steel. But organisms have 4.5 billion years of practice at regenerating themselves and going on for decades." And when they stop working death they usually fall apart harmlessly. "These xenobots are fully biodegradable," say Bongard, "when they're done with their job after seven days, they're just dead skin cells."

Your laptop is a powerful technology. But try cutting it in half. Doesn't work so well. In the new experiments, the scientists cut the xenobots and watched what happened. "We sliced the robot almost in half and it stitches itself back up and keeps going," says Bongard. "And this is something you can't do with typical machines."

Cracking the Code

Both Levin and Bongard say the potential of what they've been learning about how cells communicate and connect extends deep into both computational science and our understanding of life. "The big question in biology is to understand the algorithms that determine form and function," says Levin. "The genome encodes proteins, but transformative applications await our discovery of how that hardware enables cells to cooperate toward making functional anatomies under very different conditions."

To make an organism develop and function, there is a lot of information sharing and cooperation organic computation going on in and between cells all the time, not just within neurons. These emergent and geometric properties are shaped by bioelectric, biochemical, and biomechanical processes, "that run on DNA-specified hardware," Levin says, "and these processes are reconfigurable, enabling novel living forms."

The scientists see the work presented in their new PNAS study "A scalable pipeline for designing reconfigurable organisms," as one step in applying insights about this bioelectric code to both biology and computer science. "What actually determines the anatomy towards which cells cooperate?" Levin asks. "You look at the cells we've been building our xenobots with, and, genomically, they're frogs. It's 100% frog DNA but these are not frogs. Then you ask, well, what else are these cells capable of building?"

"As we've shown, these frog cells can be coaxed to make interesting living forms that are completely different from what their default anatomy would be," says Levin. He and the other scientists in the UVM and Tufts team with support from DARPA's Lifelong Learning Machines program and the National Science Foundation believe that building the xenobots is a small step toward cracking what he calls the "morphogenetic code," providing a deeper view of the overall way organisms are organised and how they compute and store information based on their histories and environment.

Many people worry about the implications of rapid technological change and complex biological manipulations. "That fear is not unreasonable," Levin says. "When we start to mess around with complex systems that we don't understand, we're going to get unintended consequences." A lot of complex systems, like an ant colony, begin with a simple unit an ant from which it would be impossible to predict the shape of their colony or how they can build bridges over water with their interlinked bodies.

"If humanity is going to survive into the future, we need to better understand how complex properties, somehow, emerge from simple rules," says Levin. Much of science is focused on "controlling the low-level rules. We also need to understand the high-level rules," he says. "If you wanted an anthill with two chimneys instead of one, how do you modify the ants? We'd have no idea."

"I think it's an absolute necessity for society going forward to get a better handle on systems where the outcome is very complex," Levin says. "A first step towards doing that is to explore: how do living systems decide what an overall behaviour should be and how do we manipulate the pieces to get the behaviours we want?"

In other words, "this study is a direct contribution to getting a handle on what people are afraid of, which is unintended consequences," Levin says whether in the rapid arrival of self-driving cars, changing gene drives to wipe out whole lineages of viruses, or the many other complex and autonomous systems that will increasingly shape the human experience.

"There's all of this innate creativity in life," says UVM's Josh Bongard. "We want to understand that more deeply and how we can direct and push it toward new forms."

Information courtesy of University of Vermont

Excerpt from:
- Team builds first living robots using frog cells - Design Products & Applications

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on – Team builds first living robots using frog cells – Design Products & Applications | January 17th, 2020

Plus, these new robots can heal themselves after being cut, giving them a longer life span. "They're neither a traditional robot nor a known species of animal. It's a new class of artifact: a living, programmable organism," notes Joshua Bongard, a computer scientist and robotics expert at the University of Vermont who co-led the new research.

The live robots were designed and developed on a supercomputer at UVM and then tested by biologists at Tufts University. The idea of manipulating living organisms and copying body forms for human benefit isn't something new. However, this is the first time scientists have developed biological machines from scratch.

The team led by lead author and doctoral student Sam Kriegman, used an evolutionary algorithm to develop thousands of candidate designs for the new life-forms on the Deep Green supercomputer and was published in PANS. The program was fed the basic rules about biophysics of what a single frog skin and cardiac cells were capable of.

Nearly a hundred independent algorithm runs were conducted to select the most promising designs. Next, the team at Tufts worked with microsurgeon to transfer the silicon designs into life. Stem cells from an African frog (Xenopus lavevis, giving the name Xenobots) were harvested in the embryos. Assembled into body forms, the cells began working together.

Many of our gadgets and other technologies are made of steel, plastic, silicon. While it makes it strong and flexible, it also creates an ecological imbalance and human health problems. Bongard notes that living tissues are weak and degrade quickly. "But organisms have 4.5 billion years of practice at regenerating themselves and going on for decades," he says.

Even when tissues die, they're harmless to the environment. What's more interesting is that the live robots were sliced into half and surprisingly, it stitched itself and kept going. "This is something you can't do with typical machines," Bongard says. This is organic computation, which the authors explain as the information is shared and cooperated between cells.

The reconfigured organisms were found moving coherently and could explore watery environments for days and weeks together. The immediate application the researchers are suggesting is healthcare, where the Xenobots can be sent to pick a payload like medicine and carry it to the specific place inside the patient.

What About Ill-Effects?

Of course, the concerns on rapid changes in technology and complex biological manipulations have been rising. "When we start to mess around with complex systems that we don't understand, we're going to get unintended consequences," the scientists agree. At the same time, researchers note that a better understanding of complex properties is essential for mankind to survive.

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Scientists Develop Live Robots With Frog Cells That Might Redefine Healthcare - Gizbot

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Scientists Develop Live Robots With Frog Cells That Might Redefine Healthcare – Gizbot | January 17th, 2020

Under normal circumstances the stem cells of frog embryos would skin and heart tissue of living beings, however, the progress of scientific knowledge has turned them into the first ever living robots.

Scientists from the University of Vermont with the help of special algorithms modified stem cells of a frog and created of them the first xenobot clumps of cells, capable of self-organization and even to transport tiny cargo. These colonies of 500-1000 cells do not resemble any living organism, or a naturally functioning body. At the same time they are different from the traditional robot is alive, but programmed organisms.

The opportunity to design a live guided machine, able to perform various tasks, from drug delivery to environmental cleanup, is truly revolutionary.

To create xenobot required a supercomputer and an algorithm that assemble in the desired configuration, hundreds of heart cells and skin tissue and simulates the result of such a living designer. The least successful configuration of the scientists involved in the experiment, culled, best preserved and improved using manipulations of the cells of the African frog Xenopus laevis microscopic tweezers and the electrode.

In one of the configurations, the scientists there is a hole in the center of the clot to reduce the resistance when driving. The experiment revealed that it can be used to attach to the get of goods for transportation.

After completing the Assembly of the fabric of biorobots began to operate at the programmed scenario: the skin cells began to group together, and provided the cardiac motor function. In an aqueous medium in the Petri dish these living machines can move up to a week without nutrient requirements energy supply inherent nature in the form of lipids and proteins.

Scientists say that this experiment gives an invaluable experience of knowing how cells communicate and exchange information:

From the point of view of the genome, its a frog. 100% DNA xenobot corresponds to the frog, but not frog. The question arises what else can be built from these cells? says biologist Michael Levin. This experiment shows us that frog cells can form life-forms that have nothing to do with the fact that they were anatomically.

However, living these robots can be called only conditionally they are not able to develop, you do not have the reproductive function and cant reproduce without the will of man, and, having exhausted all the resources of nutrients, they turn into lumps of dead cells (100% Biodegradability is a clear advantage of biological robots before the metal or plastic robots).

So far, the level of development xenobot seems completely harmless, but in the future they can enrich and nerve cells or even to turn into a new form of biological weapons.

Under normal circumstances the stem cells of frog embryos would skin and heart tissue of living beings, however, the progress of scientific knowledge has turned them into the first ever living robots.

Scientists from the University of Vermont with the help of special algorithms modified stem cells of a frog and created of them the first xenobot clumps of cells, capable of self-organization and even to transport tiny cargo. These colonies of 500-1000 cells do not resemble any living organism, or a naturally functioning body. At the same time they are different from the traditional robot is alive, but programmed organisms.

The opportunity to design a live guided machine, able to perform various tasks, from drug delivery to environmental cleanup, is truly revolutionary.

To create xenobot required a supercomputer and an algorithm that assemble in the desired configuration, hundreds of heart cells and skin tissue and simulates the result of such a living designer. The least successful configuration of the scientists involved in the experiment, culled, best preserved and improved using manipulations of the cells of the African frog Xenopus laevis microscopic tweezers and the electrode.

In one of the configurations, the scientists there is a hole in the center of the clot to reduce the resistance when driving. The experiment revealed that it can be used to attach to the get of goods for transportation.

After completing the Assembly of the fabric of biorobots began to operate at the programmed scenario: the skin cells began to group together, and provided the cardiac motor function. In an aqueous medium in the Petri dish these living machines can move up to a week without nutrient requirements energy supply inherent nature in the form of lipids and proteins.

Scientists say that this experiment gives an invaluable experience of knowing how cells communicate and exchange information:

From the point of view of the genome, its a frog. 100% DNA xenobot corresponds to the frog, but not frog. The question arises what else can be built from these cells? says biologist Michael Levin. This experiment shows us that frog cells can form life-forms that have nothing to do with the fact that they were anatomically.

However, living these robots can be called only conditionally they are not able to develop, you do not have the reproductive function and cant reproduce without the will of man, and, having exhausted all the resources of nutrients, they turn into lumps of dead cells (100% Biodegradability is a clear advantage of biological robots before the metal or plastic robots).

So far, the level of development xenobot seems completely harmless, but in the future they can enrich and nerve cells or even to turn into a new form of biological weapons.

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The first robots (xenobot) from living cells use cells of a frog - http://www.MICEtimes.asia

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on The first robots (xenobot) from living cells use cells of a frog – www.MICEtimes.asia | January 17th, 2020

Forget gleaming metal droids -- the robots of the future may have more in common with the average amphibian than with R2D2.

A team of scientists have found a way to not just program a living organism, but to build brand new life-forms from scratch using cells, creating what researchers are calling xenobots.

Tiny in size, but vast in potential, these millimetre-sized bots could potentially be programmed to help in medical procedures, ocean cleanup and investigating dangerous compounds, among other things.

"They're neither a traditional robot nor a known species of animal, said researcher Joshua Bongard in a news release. It's a new class of artifact: a living, programmable organism."

In the introduction for the research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) on Monday, researchers point out that the traditional building blocks weve used for robots and tech -- steel, plastic, chemicals, etc. -- all degrade over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side-effects.

After realizing that the best self-renewing and biocompatible materials would be living systems themselves, researchers decided to create a method that designs completely biological machines from the ground up.

The bots are made out of stem cells taken from frog embryos -- specifically, an African clawed frog called xenopus laevis, which supplied the inspiration for the name xenobot. To design the xenobots, the possible configurations of different cells were first modeled on a supercomputer at the University of Vermont.

The designs then went to Tufts University, where the embryonic cells were collected and separated to develop into more specialized cells. Then, like sculptors (if sculptors used microsurgery forceps and electrodes), biologists manually shaped the cells into clumps that matched the computer designs.

Different structures were sketched out by the computer in accordance with the scientists goal for each xenobot.

For example, one xenobot was designed to be able to move purposely in a specific direction. To achieve this, researchers put cardiac cells on the bottom of the xenobot. These cells naturally contract and expand on their own, meaning that they could serve as the xenobots engine, or legs, and help move the rest of the organism, which was built out of more static skin cells.

In order to test if the living robots were truly moving the way they were designed to, and not just randomly, researchers performed a test that has stumped many a living creature.

They flipped the robot on its back. And just like a capsized turtle, it could no longer move.

When researchers created further designs for the bots, they found that they could design them to push microscopic objects, and even carry objects through a pouch.

"It's a step toward using computer-designed organisms for intelligent drug delivery," says Bongard.

The possible uses for these tiny robots are numerous, researchers say.

In biomedical settings, one could envision such biobots (made from the patients own cells) removing plaque from artery walls, identifying cancer, or settling down to differentiate or control events in locations of disease, the research paper suggests.

A robot made out of metal or steel generally has to be repaired by human hands if it sustains damage. One major benefit that researchers found of creating these robots out of living cells was how they reacted to physical damage.

A video taken by the researchers showed that when one of their organisms was cut almost in half by metal tweezers, the two sides of the wound simply stitched itself back together.

These living robots, researchers realized, could repair themselves automatically, something you cant do with typical machines, Bongard said.

Because they are living cells, they are also naturally biodegradable, Bongard pointed out. Once theyve fulfilled their purpose, theyre just dead skin cells, making them even more optimal for usage in medical or environmental research.

Although scientists have been increasingly manipulating genetics and biology, this is the first time that a programmable organism has been created from scratch, researchers say.

This new research takes scientists a step closer to answering just how different cells work together to execute all of the complex processes that occur every day in animals and humans.

"The big question in biology is to understand the algorithms that determine form and function," said co-leader Michael Levin in the press release. He directs the Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology at Tufts.

"What actually determines the anatomy towards which cells co-operate? he asked. You look at the cells we've been building our xenobots with, and, genomically, they're frogs. It's 100 per cent frog DNA -- but these are not frogs. Then you ask, well, what else are these cells capable of building? As we've shown, these frog cells can be coaxed to make interesting living forms that are completely different from what their default anatomy would be.

Of course, a biological organism created and programmed by humans which is capable of healing itself might sound a little alarming. After all, one of the sponsors of the research is the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which is affiliated with the U.S. military.

Researchers acknowledged in the press release that the implications around such technological and biological advancements can be worrying at times.

That fear is not unreasonable, Levin said. However, he believes that in order to move forward with science, we should not hold back from complex questions. This study is a direct contribution to getting a handle on what people are afraid of, which is unintended consequences.

"I think it's an absolute necessity for society going forward to get a better handle on systems where the outcome is very complex," Levin says. "A first step towards doing that is to explore: how do living systems decide what an overall behavior should be and how do we manipulate the pieces to get the behaviors we want?"

More on this story from CTVNews.ca

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The 'xenobot' is the worlds newest robot and it's made from living animal cells - The Loop

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on The ‘xenobot’ is the worlds newest robot and it’s made from living animal cells – The Loop | January 17th, 2020

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Heart problems, graft-versus-host disease are concerns

A new study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis suggests that bone marrow or blood stem cells from healthy donors can harbor extremely rare mutations that can cause health problems for the cancer patients who receive them. Such stem cell transplants are important for treating blood cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia. In the healthy bone marrow pictured, mature red blood cells are shown as small brownish-pink discs; red blood cells that are still developing are in deep blue; and developing white blood cells are in lighter blue.

A stem cell transplant also called a bone marrow transplant is a common treatment for blood cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Such treatment can cure blood cancers but also can lead to life-threatening complications, including heart problems and graft-versus-host disease, in which new immune cells from the donor attack a patients healthy tissues.

A new study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis suggests that extremely rare, harmful genetic mutations present in healthy donors stem cells though not causing health problems in the donors may be passed on to cancer patients receiving stem cell transplants. The intense chemo- and radiation therapy prior to transplant and the immunosuppression given after allow cells with these rare mutations the opportunity to quickly replicate, potentially creating health problems for the patients who receive them, suggests the research, published Jan. 15 in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

Among the concerns are heart damage, graft-versus-host disease and possible new leukemias.

The study, involving samples from patients with AML and their stem cell donors, suggests such rare, harmful mutations are present in surprisingly young donors and can cause problems for recipients even if the mutations are so rare as to be undetectable in the donor by typical genome sequencing techniques. The research opens the door to a larger study that will investigate these rare mutations in many more healthy donors, potentially leading to ways to prevent or mitigate the health effects of such genetic errors in patients receiving stem cell transplants.

There have been suspicions that genetic errors in donor stem cells may be causing problems in cancer patients, but until now we didnt have a way to identify them because they are so rare, said senior author Todd E. Druley, MD, PhD, an associate professor of pediatrics. This study raises concerns that even young, healthy donors blood stem cells may have harmful mutations and provides strong evidence that we need to explore the potential effects of these mutations further.

Added co-author Sima T. Bhatt, MD, an assistant professor of pediatrics who treats pediatric patients with blood cancers at Siteman Kids at St. Louis Childrens Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine: Transplant physicians tend to seek younger donors because we assume this will lead to fewer complications. But we now see evidence that even young and healthy donors can have mutations that will have consequences for our patients. We need to understand what those consequences are if we are to find ways to modify them.

The study analyzed bone marrow from 25 adult patients with AML whose samples had been stored in a repository at Washington University. Samples from their healthy matched donors, who were unrelated to the patients, also were sequenced. The donors samples were provided by the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research in Milwaukee.

The 25 AML patients were chosen because they each had had samples banked at four separate times: before the transplant, at 30 days post-transplant, at 100 days post-transplant, and one year post-transplant.

Druley co-invented a technique called error-corrected sequencing, to identify extremely rare DNA mutations that would be missed by conventional genome sequencing. Typical next-generation sequencing techniques can correctly identify a mutation that is present in one in 100 cells. The new method, which can distinguish between true mutations and mistakes introduced by the sequencing machine, allows the researchers to find true mutations that are extremely rare those present in as few as one in 10,000 cells.

The healthy donors ranged in age from 20 to 58, with an average age of 26. The researchers sequenced 80 genes known to be associated with AML, and they identified at least one harmful genetic mutation in 11 of the 25 donors, or 44%. They further showed that 84% of all the various mutations identified in the donors samples were potentially harmful, and that 100% of the harmful mutations present in the donors later were found in the recipients. These harmful mutations also persisted over time, and many increased in frequency. Such data suggest the harmful mutations from the donor confer a survival advantage to the cells that harbor them.

We didnt expect this many young, healthy donors to have these types of mutations, Druley said. We also didnt expect 100% of the harmful mutations to be engrafted into the recipients. That was striking.

According to the researchers, the study raises questions about the origins of some of the well-known side effects of stem cell transplantation.

We see a trend between mutations from the donor that persist over time and the development of chronic graft-versus-host disease, said first author Wing Hing Wong, a doctoral student in Druleys lab. We plan to examine this more closely in a larger study.

Though the study was not large enough to establish a causal link, the researchers found that 75% of the patients who received at least one harmful mutation in the 80 genes that persisted over time developed chronic graft-versus-host disease. Among patients who did not receive mutations in the 80 genes, about 50% developed the condition. Because the study was small, this difference was not statistically significant, but it is evidence that the association should be studied more closely. In general, about half of all patients who receive a stem cell transplant go on to develop some form of graft-versus-host disease.

The most common mutation seen in the donors and the cancer patients studied is in a gene associated with heart disease. Healthy people with mutations in this gene are at higher risk of heart attack due to plaque buildup in the arteries.

We know that cardiac dysfunction is a major complication after a bone marrow transplant, but its always been attributed to toxicity from radiation or chemotherapy, Druley said. Its never been linked to mutations in the blood-forming cells. We cant make this claim definitively, but we have data to suggest we should study that in much more detail.

Added Bhatt: Now that weve also linked these mutations to graft-versus-host disease and cardiovascular problems, we have a larger study planned that we hope will answer some of the questions posed by this one.

This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), grant number R01CA211711; the Hyundai Quantum Award; the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Scholar Award; the Eli Seth Matthews Leukemia Foundation; and the Kellsies Hope Foundation. The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research is supported by a Public Health Service Grant/Cooperative Agreement from the NCI, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), grant number 5U24CA076518; a Grant/Cooperative Agreement from NHLBI and NCI, grant number 1U24HL138660; a contract with Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA/DHHS), number HHSH250201700006C; and the Office of Naval Research, grant numbers N00014-17-1-2388, N00014-17-1-2850 and N00014-18-1-2045. Support also was provided by a UKRI future leaders fellowship and by a CRUK Cambridge Centre Early Detection Programme group leader grant.

The Washington University Office of Technology Management has filed a patent application for Ultra-rare Variant Detection from Next-generation Sequencing, which has been licensed by Canopy Biosciences as RareSeq. Druley is a coinventor on this patent. Canopy Biosciences was not involved in the generation of the data presented.

Wong WH, Bhatt S, Trinkaus K, Pusic I, Elliott K, Mahajan N, Wan F, Switzer GE, Confer DL, DiPersio J, Pulsipher MA, Shah NN, Sees J, Bystry A, Blundell JR, Shaw BE, Druley TE. Engraftment of rare, pathogenic donor hematopoietic mutations in unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Science Translational Medicine. Jan. 15, 2020.

Washington University School of Medicines 1,500 faculty physicians also are the medical staff of Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Childrens hospitals. The School of Medicine is a leader in medical research, teaching and patient care, ranking among the top 10 medical schools in the nation by U.S. News & World Report. Through its affiliations with Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Childrens hospitals, the School of Medicine is linked to BJC HealthCare.

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Mutations in donors' stem cells may cause problems for cancer patients - Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Mutations in donors’ stem cells may cause problems for cancer patients – Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis | January 16th, 2020

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--bluebird bio, Inc. (Nasdaq: BLUE) announced the launch in Germany of ZYNTEGLO (autologous CD34+ cells encoding A-T87Q-globin gene), a one-time gene therapy for patients 12 years and older with transfusion-dependent -thalassemia (TDT) who do not have a 0/0 genotype, for whom hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is appropriate but a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related HSC donor is not available. This is the first time ZYNTEGLO is commercially available.

TDT is a severe genetic disease caused by mutations in the -globin gene that result in significantly reduced or absent adult hemoglobin (HbA). In order to survive, people with TDT maintain hemoglobin (Hb) levels through lifelong chronic blood transfusions. These transfusions carry the risk of progressive multi-organ damage due to unavoidable iron overload. ZYNTEGLO is a one-time gene therapy that addresses the underlying genetic cause of TDT and offers patients the potential to become transfusion independent, which, once achieved, is expected to be lifelong.

Due to the highly technical and specialized nature of administering gene therapy in rare diseases, bluebird bio is working with institutions that have expertise in stem cell transplant as well as in treating patients with TDT to create qualified treatment centers that will administer ZYNTEGLO. bluebird bio has established a collaboration with University Hospital of Heidelberg as the first qualified treatment center in Germany.

In addition, bluebird has entered into value-based payment agreements with multiple statutory health insurances in Germany to help ensure patients and their healthcare providers have access to ZYNTEGLO and that payers only pay if the therapy delivers on its promise. bluebirds proposed innovative model is limited to five payments made in equal installments. An initial payment is made at the time of infusion. The four additional annual payments are only made if no transfusions for TDT are required for the patient.

For patients with TDT, lifelong chronic blood transfusions are required in order to survive. We are thrilled to announce that ZYNTEGLO will now be available for patients in the EU living with this severe disease, says Alison Finger, chief commercial officer, bluebird bio. In addition to confirming manufacturing readiness of our partner, apceth Biopharma GmbH, bluebird has also submitted a dossier to the Joint Federal Committee (G-BA) in Germany for drug benefit assessment. We would like to thank our collaborators for their commitment in helping us transform the healthcare system by accepting innovative payment models, and we look forward to treating our first commercial patient soon.

About LentiGlobin for -Thalassemia (autologous CD34+ cells encoding A-T87Q-globin gene)

The European Commission granted conditional marketing authorization for LentiGlobin for -thalassemia, to be marketed as ZYNTEGLO (autologous CD34+ cells encoding A-T87Q-globin gene) gene therapy, for patients 12 years and older with TDT who do not have a 0/0 genotype, for whom hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is appropriate, but a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related HSC donor is not available.

TDT is a severe genetic disease caused by mutations in the -globin gene that result in reduced or significantly reduced hemoglobin (Hb). In order to survive, people with TDT maintain Hb levels through lifelong chronic blood transfusions. These transfusions carry the risk of progressive multi-organ damage due to unavoidable iron overload.

LentiGlobin for -thalassemia adds functional copies of a modified form of the -globin gene (A-T87Q-globin gene) into a patients own hematopoietic (blood) stem cells (HSCs). Once a patient has the A-T87Q-globin gene, they have the potential to produce HbAT87Q, which is gene therapy-derived hemoglobin, at levels that may eliminate or significantly reduce the need for transfusions.

Non-serious adverse events (AEs) observed during the HGB-204, HGB-207 and HGB-212 clinical studies that were attributed to LentiGlobin for -thalassemia were hot flush, dyspnoea, abdominal pain, pain in extremities, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia and non-cardiac chest pain. One serious adverse event (SAE) of thrombocytopenia was considered possibly related to LentiGlobin for -thalassemia for TDT.

Additional AEs observed in clinical studies were consistent with the known side effects of HSC collection and bone marrow ablation with busulfan, including SAEs of veno-occlusive disease.

The conditional marketing authorization for ZYNTEGLO is valid in the 28 member states of the EU as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. For details, please see the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC).

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted LentiGlobin for -thalassemia Orphan Drug status and Breakthrough Therapy designation for the treatment of TDT. LentiGlobin for -thalassemia is not approved in the United States.

bluebird bio has initiated the rolling BLA submission for approval in the U.S., and is engaged with the FDA in discussions regarding the requirements and timing of the various components of the rolling BLA submission. Subject to these ongoing discussions, the company is currently planning to complete the BLA submission in the first half of 2020.

LentiGlobin for -thalassemia continues to be evaluated in the ongoing Phase 3 Northstar-2 and Northstar-3 studies. For more information about the ongoing clinical studies, visit http://www.northstarclinicalstudies.com or clinicaltrials.gov and use identifier NCT02906202 for Northstar-2 (HGB-207) or NCT03207009 for Northstar-3 (HGB-212).

bluebird bio is conducting a long-term safety and efficacy follow-up study (LTF-303) for people who have participated in bluebird bio-sponsored clinical studies of LentiGlobin for -thalassemia. For more information visit: https://www.bluebirdbio.com/our-science/clinical-trials or clinicaltrials.gov and use identifier NCT02633943 for LTF-303.

About bluebird bio, Inc.

bluebird bio is pioneering gene therapy with purpose. From our Cambridge, Mass., headquarters, were developing gene therapies for severe genetic diseases and cancer, with the goal that people facing potentially fatal conditions with limited treatment options can live their lives fully. Beyond our labs, were working to positively disrupt the healthcare system to create access, transparency and education so that gene therapy can become available to all those who can benefit.

bluebird bio is a human company powered by human stories. Were putting our care and expertise to work across a spectrum of disorders including cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy, sickle cell disease, -thalassemia and multiple myeloma, using three gene therapy technologies: gene addition, cell therapy and (megaTAL-enabled) gene editing.

bluebird bio has additional nests in Seattle, Wash.; Durham, N.C.; and Zug, Switzerland. For more information, visit bluebirdbio.com.

Follow bluebird bio on social media: @bluebirdbio, LinkedIn, Instagram and YouTube.

ZYNTEGLO, LentiGlobin, and bluebird bio are trademarks of bluebird bio, Inc.

The full common name for ZYNTEGLO: A genetically modified autologous CD34+ cell enriched population that contains hematopoietic stem cells transduced with lentiviral vector encoding the A-T87Q-globin gene.

Forward-Looking Statements

This release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding the Companys plans and expectations for the commercialization for ZYNTEGLO (autologous CD34+ cells encoding A-T87Q-globin gene, formerly LentiGlobin in TDT) to treat TDT, and the potential implications of clinical data for patients. Any forward-looking statements are based on managements current expectations of future events and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those set forth in or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: the risk that the efficacy and safety results from our prior and ongoing clinical trials of ZYNTEGLO will not continue or be repeated in our ongoing or planned clinical trials of ZYNTEGLO; the risk that the current or planned clinical trials of ZYNTEGLO will be insufficient to support regulatory submissions or marketing approval in the US, or for additional patient populations in the EU; the risk that the production of HbAT87Q may not be sustained over extended periods of time; the risk that we may not secure adequate pricing or reimbursement to support continued development or commercialization of ZYNTEGLO; the risk that our collaborations with qualified treatment centers will not continue or be successful; and that the risk that commercial patients treated with ZYNTEGLO will not achieve or maintain transfusion independence. For a discussion of other risks and uncertainties, and other important factors, any of which could cause our actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, see the section entitled Risk Factors in our most recent Form 10-Q, as well as discussions of potential risks, uncertainties, and other important factors in our subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. All information in this press release is as of the date of the release, and bluebird bio undertakes no duty to update this information unless required by law.

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bluebird bio Announces Launch in Germany of ZYNTEGLO (autologous CD34+ cells encoding A-T87Q-globin gene) Gene Therapy for Patients 12 Years and Older...

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on bluebird bio Announces Launch in Germany of ZYNTEGLO (autologous CD34+ cells encoding A-T87Q-globin gene) Gene Therapy for Patients 12 Years and Older… | January 16th, 2020

The exosomes (or extracellular vesicles) released by stem cells may be the disruptive therapy for tackling age-related diseases doctors and patients have been waiting for. Despite over a decade and a half of hope and hype, stem cell therapy has failed to deliver on the promise.

Stem cell therapy once seemed beguilingly simple. As we age the number of stem cells in our bodies declines and degeneration increases.

The idea back in the early 2000s was that progenitor or adult stem cells (MSCs) could be given to patients as an unmatched (allogeneic) off-the-shelf drug and the administered cells would migrate to sites of damage or disease in the body.

Once there, it was thought, the cells would engraft and persist at these sites of injury and directly replace the patients own damaged cells. The administered cells treating cardiac disease would become a part of the patients heart tissue, for example.

It was thought that by injecting additional stem cells into the body, the new cells would transform the way that we treat certain conditions such as joint pain, stroke and cardiac degeneration. Animal studies and early human trials appeared to bear the idea out.

But nearly 20 years on, the general safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy has still not been proven, experts from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently concluded in the New England Journal of Medicine.1

Despite the earlier promise, cellular therapy for regenerative medicine is struggling to get approvals and to generate sales. Only a few allogeneic off-the-shelf cellular therapies have been approved for sale worldwide for regenerative medicine, despite huge investments2.

It turned out that a therapy based on transplanting living cells from donors into the patients body was anything but simple.

The first key issue with stem cell therapy is the question mark over safety. Introducing foreign living cells into a system as complex as the human body is challenging.

Predicting the cells behaviour once injected is a problem, FDA experts say.

A growing list of cautionary examples catalogue how things can go wrong when unproven stem cell therapies are used in the clinic; from a kidney failure patient who developed tumours following stem cell therapy, to patients with an age-related eye condition called macular degeneration, who were left blinded by their therapy given at a US clinic3.

In late 2018 and after infections linked to unapproved stem cell treatments sent 12 people to hospital, the FDA issued a stern warning about the cell products4.

Some autologous therapies using the patients own cells have also become notorious in certain countries and the subject of doubtful or dangerous medical tourism.

Today, the only stem cell therapy that has received FDA approval in the regenerative medicine field is the use of blood-forming stem cells for patients with specific blood production disorders.

Stem cells appear to be making little progress toward FDA-approved clinical use. Little wonder, then, that regenerative medicine researchers are increasingly turning to exosomes: packets of beneficial biomolecules released by stem cells.

We now know that the old working hypothesis for how stem cells exert their regenerative effects was wrong. The transplanted stem cells dont stick around long in the recipients body to replace damaged cells; most are cleared within a week.

As researchers from Oxford5 to Scripps6 have now concluded, its the exosomes stem cells release, rather than the cells themselves, that impart the regenerative benefit.

Exosomes are being described as the secret sauce of stem cells. Exosome therapy would avoid all the problems of a therapy based on live stem cells and yet harness a natural regenerative capability from stem cells.

Tellingly, some biotech stocks established back in the early 2000s as stem cell companies have shifted their focus to exosome research.

Exosome drugs could be harvested from stem cells housed in a bioreactor and then purified as a proper drug product to be administered by injection or infusion.

Exosomes should be a simpler, safer, lower cost, more easily stored and transported, alternative to stem cells.

Critically, exosomes are inherently less risky that live stem cell transplants. Exosomes cannot replicate; they cannot transform into malignant cells or other harmful cell types; they are less likely to trigger an immunogenic response; they cannot be infected with virus.

As a further demonstration of their safety, blood plasma contains high concentrations of unmatched exosomes, and blood transfusions have been carried out in hospitals for decades.

And exosomes should have an efficacy advantage, too. Being much smaller than whole cells, exosomes can circulate much more easily through the body to reach sites of injury or disease and trigger healing.

Early academic clinical studies are starting to prove exosomes potential. A recent placebo-controlled trial on 40 patients with advanced chronic kidney disease showed that the patients receiving exosomes saw enhanced kidney function at 12 months after treatment and no adverse events in the treatment group7.

Exosomes administered to patients could exert their regenerative effects in a number of ways giving treatment by exosomes multiple shots at goal.

Some degeneration, such as Parkinsons Disease, is due to a loss of specialised cells over time. Struggling cells that take up exosomes can be rescued from programmed cell death (apoptosis), and restored to health, thanks to the regenerative genetic material and the protein and lipid cellular building blocks that the exosome delivers.

Degeneration with age has also been associated with an increase in senescence cells. Senescent cells are like zombie cells that dont undergo normal clearance, yet cannot divide and proliferate to generate new tissue.

Recent research points to a benefit in animal models of human disease when the number of senescent cells is reduced. In 2019 researchers published that exosomes and vesicles from stem cells can alleviate cellular aging (senescence) in cells exposed to the exosomes/vesicles8.

Exosomes can also play a role in a recently discovered, previously unsuspected regenerative process in our bodies. Exosomes can trigger fully differentiated, specialised cells such as liver cells (hepatocytes) to a de-differentiate into a more stem cell-like state cell type9 and then maintain a pool of progenitor cells that can replenish the damaged liver with new cells10.

This same mechanism could be used to treat cardiac disease (e.g. cardiac ischemia where a lack of blood flow leads to cardiac muscle cell death). Normally a damaged heart fails to regenerate and becomes fibrotic with scar tissue.

Unfortunately, the scar tissue doesnt have the capacity to beat like cardiomyocytes, so increased fibrosis leads to progressive loss of heart pumping ejected volume and impairment or death. But using exosomes to reprogram the patients own heart muscle cells into cardiac progenitor stem cells offers a new way to treat cardiac damage and drive regeneration.

Exosomes from stem cells could be a better medicine than live stem cells a way to harness stem cells regenerative power without all the problems and disappointment.

But while stem cells secrete trillions of exosomes naturally, efficient separation and purification of exosomes has proven to be very difficult indeed11. Until now.

Exopharms proprietary LEAP technology is a robust and reliable method for producing a well-defined set of proprietary pharmaceutical-grade exosome product as a next-generation cell-free regenerative medicine.

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The Next Big Thing: Exosomes versus Stem Cells

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on The Next Big Thing: Exosomes versus Stem Cells | January 14th, 2020